Notes:

Iorwerth Llwewlelyn "Fawr", Prince of Wales, is sometimes listed as being married to Joan Plantaganet and other times listed as Joan of England. It is a matter of English history that he was married to Joan, the illegitimate daughter of King John. I have only found her name listed as Joan Plantaganet in CD-100, elsewhere being referred to as Joan of England. She has an estimated birth date of 1178 in CD-100. This would mean her father, John Lackland was only 12 when she was born. Joan was Llwewlelyn's only wife. He did have a mistress and one son before marrying Joan.

I found his wife's mother in a biography entitled "King John" by W. L. Warren. She came from the union of King John and Clementina (who was supposedly low born) before John's second marriage and probably during his first marriage without heirs to his second cousin, Isabelle, daughter of the Earl of Gloucester in 1189. Their marriage was annulled due to the fact that the church had never approved of the second cousin relationship and he had no rightful heirs.

Do not confuse this Iowerth's wife, Joan of England, with John's legitimate daughter also named Joan. She was born July 22, 1210 (C-433, 567) It was common at the time for a ruler to name his illegitimate and legitimate children the same names. He had two son Richards and two daughters named Joan. UA #2337.

King John specifically arranged for Iowerth to marry his illegitimate daughter , Joan, to help ensure an alliance with what would have been a very powerful enemy. Iowerth was the first person to unite most of Wales. He was a formidable enemy to King John but became an ally to the king when he married his daughter for a few years following. Iorwerth was known as Llywellyn "the Great".

Llewelyn married Joan (Joanna) OF ENGLAND in 1204. Joan (daughter of John LACKLAND, King Of England and Clementina) was born in 1191; died on 2 Feb 1237 in Llyn Eglwystl, , , WLS; was buried in Feb 1237 in Llanfaes, , , WLS. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Joan or Joanna was apparently well beloved by her husband, Llewelyn according to a fictionalized account of them in "Falls the Shadow". The fact that she was English, made her unpopular in Wales. Those who were close to her though loved her dearly for her gentle, kind ways. Some of her step sons, Gruffydd, in particular, never liked her because of her English heritage.

Notes:

Iowerth had a phsical disability and which disqualified him from following in his father's footsteps as King.

Iowerth married Margaret Vz Madog Ap Maredudd Ap Bleddyn AP CYNFYN. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Also known as John Plantagenet, John reigned from May 27, 1199 till his death on Oct. 18-19, 1216. (C-437, p. 590) He was the youngest son of Henry II and Eleanor. His birth date is also listed as 1167 in CD-102, Warren's book "King John"., and the "Kings and Queens of England and Scotland." He was an unpopular King largely due to the fact that he was not the great fighter kings were expected to be at the time. He is listed as hedonistic, unstable and unforgiving. At the same time he was highly intelligent, efficient, sophisticated, well educated in law and government and he loved to read often carrying books with him on his travels. Much of his troubles sprang from problems that grew during his father's and brother's reign. He lost ground to Phillip II of France. He lost political power with the Pope. His barons rebelled and forced restoration of feudal rights in the document called the Magna Carta. (C-485, Grolier Ency., C-433, C-489, 567-8)

His will is as follows: "I, John, by the grace of God King of England, Lord of Ireland, Duke of Normandy and Acquitaine, Earl of Anjou. Imprimis, I will that my body be buried in the church of St. Mary and St. Wulstan of Worcester. I appoint the following to be my executors: G. by the grace of God Cardinal of St. Martin, and Legate from the Apostolical See; P. Bishop of Winchester; R. Bishop of Chichester; S. Bishop of Worcester, "fratrem Aimer de St. Maura"; W. Marshall, Earl of Pembroke; R. Earl of Chester; William Earl Ferrers; William Bruwne; Walter de Lacy; and John de Monemut, Savaricum de Malo-Leone; Foulk de Breante."

John married Clementina. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

His full name was Owain Gwenydd ap Gruffudd ap Cynan.

Owain married Gwladys Vz Llywarch Ap Trahaearn AP CARADOG. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

Henry II reigned from 25 Oct. 1154 through 1189. He was called "Curt Mantel". (C-437, p. 590) He had keen gray eyes, a freckled face, short red hair, a short broad frame and boundless energy. His empire included much of Scotland, Wales, Ireland and France, all of which he supervised directly. He traveled so often and so fast, the French king is quoted as saying "Now in Ireland, now in England, now in Normandy, he must fly rather than go by horse or ship." He had three significant women in his life, Eleanor of Acquitaine; Amabilia de Bailleol and Alice de Porhoet. Of these only Eleanor is usually listed as a spouse. History has stated that he along with his grandfather and sons had multiple mistresses. (C-502)

Thomas Becket was killed in his reign. Some of Ireland was under British rule and three of his sons started a civil war to uproot their father. (C-2251g)

His will is as follows: "Henry, by the grace of God, King of England, Duke of Normandy and Aquitaine, Count of Anjou, to King Henry, to Richard, Geoffrey, and John, my sons, to Archbishops, Bishops, Abbots, Archdeacons, Deans, Earls, Barons, Justices, Sheriffs, and all other my faithful subjects, as well clerks and laymen of my territories, within and beyond the seas, greeting. Know ye, that at Waltham, in the presence of R. Bishop of Winchester; J. Bishop of Norwich; G. Chancellor, my son; Master Walter de Constantiis, Archdeacon of Oxford; Godfrey de Lucy, Archdeacon of Derby; Ralph de Glanville; Hugh de Morewic; Ralph fitz Stephen, Chamberlain; and William Rufo; I have made division of some part of my money in this manner:... To the religious houses of England MMMMM marks of silver, to be distributed by the hands of R Archbishop of Canterbury; R Bishop of Winchester; G. Bishop of Ely; and J. Bishop of Norwich; and Ralph de Glanville, Justiciar of England. To the religious houses of the land of the Earl of Anjou, my father, M marks of silver; towards the marriage of poor and free women of Normandy wanting aid C marks of gold, to be distributed by the Archbishop of Rouen, and the Bishops of Bayeaux, Avaranches, Sagiensis. Toward the marriage of poor and free women of the land of my father, the Earl of Anjou, C marks of gold, to be distributed by the Bishops of Main and Anjou. This distribution I have made at the place before written, in the year of the Incarnation 1182. And I charge you, my sons, by the fealty you owe me, and the oath ye have sworn to me, that ye cause it to be firmly and inviolably kept; and whoever shall oppose or contravene it, may he incur the indignation and anger of Almighty God, and mine and God's malediction. And I command you, the Archbishops and Bishops, by the oath ye have sworn to me, and the fealty ye owe to me and to God, that ye solemnly, in your Synods, with lighted candles, excommunicate, and cause to be excommunicated, all such as may presume to infringe my distribution. And know ye that our Lord the Pope has confirmed this my distribution, under his hand and seal, on pain of anathema."

Henry married Eleanor OF AQUITAINE on 18 May 1153. Eleanor (daughter of William V DUKE OF GUIENNE AND AQUITAINE) was born in 1122 in , , , Aquitaine, France; died in Mar 1204 in Mirabell Castle, Poitiers, FRA; was buried in Maine-Et-Lire, , , ENG. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

Notes:

She was 15 when her father died making her the sole heiress of a very large estate. She instantly became the most desired bachelorette in Europe.

She was first married to King Louis VII and was Queen of France as his wife. He had the married dissolved when she was unable to bear him sons. They had had two daughters.

She next married King Henry II of England whom she fell in love with. They did separate but remained married after having 8 children together. Not only was she the Queen of France and England but also lead one crusade to the Holy land, and was in charge of Court when her sons were gone for lengthy periods of time.

These positions enabled her to leave the following legacies. She encouraged a culture of chivalry among her courtiers that had far-reaching influence on literature, poetry, music and folklore. She also is believed to be the creator of the modern indoor fireplace at least by idea. She found her home with her 2nd marriage to be quite cold and drafty --- thus the design of the fireplace. It's concept quickly spread.