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- Edward III was crowned King of England on Sep. 21, 1327, the same year he invaded Scotland. His mother Isabella and her lover, Roger de Mortimer deposed his father, Edward II, from the crown. In 1330, he executed Mortimer who had murdered his father, imprisoned his mother and began his own personal reign. He won victory in Scotland at noted battles like Haildon Hill (1333) and planed for the union of Scotland and England. Through his mother, he claimed the French throne in 1337 which led to the Hundred years war with France. He with his 16 year old son Edward, the Black Prince, won the battle of Crecy in 1346. It was of the first battle of the Hundred Years' War. For much of his life he expanded his holdings to a greatly enlarged Gascony. However, he ended his part in the struggle in 1375 with most of his French possessions lost. He ended his reign with parliament siding with his son Edward. (WLD. BK, v.6, p.110, c1988, and C-330, 574, 785)
The following is from: http://www.geo.ed.ac.uk/scotgaz/people/famousfirst913.html."King Edward III1312 - 1377English king. Edward III was born at Windsor, the eldest son of Edward II and Isabella of France. Isabella and her lover Roger Mortimer, one of several disaffected Barons, had imprisoned and then killed the unpopular Edward II. They held power until the young Edward reached majority. Rather more effective than his father, Edward arrested his mother and Mortimer as soon as he took power, hanging the latter. He married Philippa of Holland in 1328.Edward was crowned in 1327, and the uneasy truce with Scotland was quickly ended, with the Scottish army invading. Although a further truce was concluded, when Robert the Bruce died in 1329, Edward involved himself in the politics of the succession. Edward supported Edward Balliol (c.1283 - 1364), who was a malleable if incompetent individual, and invaded laying siege to Berwick-upon-Tweed and heavily defeating the Scots at Hallidon Hill (1333). Edward was forced to support Balliol's precarious rule on two further occasions (1335, when he marched to Perth and 1336, when he burned Aberdeen), before tiring of what he saw as an unprofitable campaign and turning his attentions to France. He appointed himself King of France (his mother had been daughter of the French king) and invaded. He continued a series of popular campaigns in France for the remainder of his life.The young David II (1324 - 1371) had taken the opportunity to invade, but the Scottish army was defeated at Neville's Cross (1346) and David taken prisoner. It took 13 years and 100,000 marks for Edward to release him.Edward died at Richmond. He left England stronger, richer and more respected than it had been even in the times of his grand-father, Edward I (1239 - 1307)." His will is as follows: "We, Edward, by the grace of God, who hold the sceptres of the Kingdoms of England and France, according to the custom of our ancestors, Kings of England, we appoint our royal burial to be in the Church of St. Peter of Westminster. We bequeath, and to (found) masses for our soul, and the soul of Philippa, our dear consort, late Queen of England. We give to our future heir Richard, son of Edward Prince of Wales, our eldest son, an entire bed, marked with the arms of France and England, now in our palace at Westminster. To Johanna, late wife of the aforesaid Edward, our eldest son, one thousand marks. To our dear daughter Isabel, Countess of Bedford, for her support, and that of her daughter, three hundred marks per annum, arising from the lands of the son and heir of the Earl of Oxford, lately deceased, which Thomas Tirell, Knt. holds from us, so long as the said heir shall be under age. We appoint executors of this our will, our son John, King of Castile and Leon and Duke of Lancaster; John Bishop of Lincoln; Henry Bishop of Worcester; John Bishop of Hereford; and our dear and faithful knights William Lord Latimer; John Knyvet, Chancellor; Robert de Ashton, Treasurer; Roger de Beauchamp, Chamberlain; John de Ipres, Steward; and Nicholas de Carew, Keeper of the Privy Seal. We also appoint supervisors of this our will the Reverend Fathers in Christ Simon Archbishop of Canterbury, and Alexander Archbishop of York. Given, written, and ordained in our royal manor of Haveryngge atte Bower the 7th of October, 1376, and of our reign in England the 50th, and of our reign in France the 37th, in the presence of our trusty and beloved John de Burleye, Richard Sturreie, and Philip de Vache, Knights; William Strete, Comptroller of our Household; John de Beverlye; Walter and John de Salesbury, Esquires of our Chamber; and many others, with Walter de Skirlawe, Doctor of the Canon Law. Proved before Simon Archbishop of Canterbury, at Lambeth, 25th June 1377."
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1312 - 1377 (64 years)
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